Bunker Hill Housing Project
Charlestown is home to the largest housing project managed by the city.
The Bunker Hill Housing Project in Charlestown is the largest of 60 housing communities for low- and moderate-income individuals and families managed by the Boston Housing Authority.
Opened in 1941, the projects have approximately 1,110 units: a mix of one-, two-, three-, four- and five- bedroom apartments.
The projects were built in direct response to the passing of the Wagner-Steagall Housing Act in 1937, during the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Under this legislation Boston was awarded $9 million in housing funds to build three developments, one in Charlestown, East Boston and South Boston.
The Depression was still in full force, and its high unemployment rate made mortgage payments impossible for many. Under the aegis of "slum clearance," seven blocks of Charlestown private homes were torn down. Hundreds of Charlestown residents were displaced, streets disappeared, and row houses were demolished. The construction of the Tobin Bridge happened around the same time, so for all intents and purposes the whole of a neighborhood, from Polk Street to Chelsea Street, was rubble.
In the place where the homes had been this enormous development of three-story identical buildings, three blocks deep and seven blocks long came into form. Low-income families moved in.
For several decades many residents in the projects worked at the Navy Yard and at other factories throughout Charlestown. When the Navy Yard closed and many of the factories shut down a population shift started to happen within the projects. The population went from being almost entirely white to a mosaic of white Americans, Asian-American, African-American and Hispanic. A further shift happened with the influx of immigrants from the Caribbean, Asia and Africa. To accommodate non-English speakers English as a Second Language classes are currently taught right in the projects.
In 1992, the grounds were professionally landscaped, several playgrounds and tot lots were set up, and a basketball court was built. Currently the Boston Housing Authority is modernizing and upgrading bathrooms and repairing the outside of some buildings.
- Where is it?
The Administration Office is at 55 Bunker Hill St. The projects are bordered at Bunker Hill and Medford Street, and Polk Street and Decatur Street. - When was it built?
Between 1939 and 1941. They opened in 1941. - Who built it?
The John Bowen Company was main contractor. - What was it built for and who was the first occupant?
They were built for families of low income. Its first occupants were local families. - Why was it built?
To provide subsidized safe and affordable housing for people who could not afford it on their own. - How was it built?
The main material is brick. - What are the future plans for the structure?
To continue to be used for affordable housing.
Information for this article was compiled through research at the Boston Public Library, through interview and through consulting various web-sites, including www.bostonhousing.org and www.jphs.org/locales/2005/10/15/bromley-heath-public-housing-development-history.
Mary Aylward Stewart
12:54 pm on Monday, January 24, 2011
Nice article and nicely written.
You mention the professional landscaping accomplished in the '90s; have there been any major rehabs to apartment interiors?
Helen O'Neil
9:30 am on Thursday, January 27, 2011
Mary,
Thanks for your question. I have a call into Lydia Agro, Communications Director for the projects. Will keep you updated. Thanks for reading.
Ann Hannan
7:49 am on Tuesday, January 25, 2011
As usual your article stimulated more questions about Charlestown's history. Prior to the influx of people of color moving into the projects were most of the project's residents from Ireland? The other question is - who was the architect for the Tobin Bridge, do you know?
Helen O'Neil
9:55 am on Thursday, January 27, 2011
Ann,
I don't know if most of the project's early residents were from Ireland but it's likely a large number were. According to Bostonhistory.org Irish immigrants in the 1860s and 1870 began to move into Charlestown from the North End and Fort Hill . In the early 1900's there was a large exodus of wealthy Charlestown residents into the suburbs. Their vacant row houses, which were torn down to create space for the projects, became affordable housing to immigrant Irish. So it's likely that the displaced Irish and Irish-American were the first project residents.
The Tobin Bridge was built was built under the auspices of the Mystic River Bridge Authority, later a part of Massport. Bay State Design / U.R.S. Architects in Cambridge, MA was the architect for the toll booth plaza. Probably a group of architectural engineers hired by Massport designed the bridge itself.
Lydia Agro
1:08 pm on Thursday, January 27, 2011
Dear Mary and Helen:
I am pleased to see the interest in the history of the Charlestown/Bunker Housing Development. You are correct that the Charlestown development is the largest of the Boston Housing Authority’s developments.
The BHA is currently in the process of implementing major capital improvements at the development totaling more than $64 million through three sources of funding; the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act is providing approximately $7.4 million, an Energy Performance Contract is providing approximately $23.4 million, and a Capital Fund Financing Program (Bonds) are providing $33.4 million in investment for this development.
Work includes replacement of 10 roofs (completing replacement of all roofs at the development); modernization of the apartment bathrooms including new energy efficient fixtures, plumbing infrastructure, finishes and venting; repair and pointing of brick building exteriors; replacement of the entire heating plant and heating distribution/radiator system from a central steam to a decentralized forced hot water system; common area lighting improvements; some window replacements; and installation of security cameras.
We have a number of historical photos that will make a nice addition to this story which we will be sending along shortly.
Sincerely,
Lydia Agro
Director of Communications and Public Affairs
Boston Housing Authority
Kristi Ceccarossi
2:27 pm on Thursday, January 27, 2011
Hi Lydia -- thanks for all of the great info. And for the historic photographs. They're fantastic.
Mary Aylward Stewart
8:53 pm on Friday, January 28, 2011
Happy to hear about improvements to buildings, especially installation of energy-efficient appliances in apartments. Savings in water usage alone is almost worth the investment. Thanks for the follow=up.
Jason Gallagher
11:18 am on Saturday, January 29, 2011
While it is great to hear about the improvements being made here in CTown at the BHA, I feel it is yet another lost opportunity to give the Charlestown BHA residents what they deserve and what every other section of the City of Boston has received---a complete reconstruction of the development. I just returned from driving to/from Hyde Park and drove past several developments that have been knocked down and rebuilt over the past few years. It has happened in Eastie(mutliple times), Southie (multiple times), Roxbury, Roslindale, Dorchester (multiple times)...the list grows. Yet, Charlestown continuously gets renovations---just enough to keep it afloat. Can the BHA answer why the Ctown development does not get the complete reconstruction that the other neigborhhod have received ? Is it too big? Do we not have the political "pull"? I thinkthis is a legitimate question that should be answered.
Lydia Agro
9:31 pm on Sunday, January 30, 2011
I would like to reply to Jason regarding why the Charlestown development has not been completely redeveloped, as have some other Boston Housing Authority Developments. It is a legitimate question. You are correct when you ask if the size impacts the possibility of redeveloping the Charlestown development. Because of the size, it would take approximately $400 million to redevelop this development. The BHA developments that have received complete reconstruction (with the exception of West Broadway; a state funded development and the first phase of Old Colony, which received funding through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act) have been awarded federal funding through the HOPE VI program, a highly competitive grant program that provides a housing authority with funding to embark on a private/public partnership that allows it to redevelop a site and completely rebuild the housing. Over the years, the HOPE VI program has been cut back and the highest award is now about $20 million, not nearly enough to redevelop Charlestown. A redevelopment of this size would have to be phased over many years with no guarantee that the funding would be there to complete the redevelopment effort. There are also a number of considerations regarding providing housing/relocation for existing residents if such an effort were to be undertaken.
Jason Gallagher
7:07 pm on Tuesday, February 1, 2011
Thanks for the response.
Timothy Sheehan
5:11 pm on Monday, January 31, 2011
It also had allot to do with the condition of Bunker Hill Projects. Most of the other ones mentioned were totally worn out and in need of replacement or extensive re-construction. I was involved with the Architectural / interior / landscape work done in the early 90's. We surveyed most of the units and considering the then 60+ year time line, they were in decent shape. I always thought this was a great compliment to the residents. Having lived there (25 Corey Street) as a teenager I also had a good feel for the development 'on the ground', and in the 'Courtyards'. Things always seemed cared for and well looked after when I was there (85' - 88). I can't really speak to what things are like now.
I think a more mixed income development like what was done over at Harbor Point (Columbia Point) in Dorchester would work well. Possibly knock down every next building and replace the lost density with wood-framed houses similar to what we have in town already at say, 75 % of the density that is there now. Combine this with a more Coherent Landscaping plan. Another way to improve the area would be to restore the pre-existing street grid and extend lexington / Concord / etc. Streets down to Medford Street.
Helen O'Neil
8:52 am on Wednesday, February 2, 2011
A bit more information about the housing development's early residents: the Bunker Hill Housing Development housed young World War II veterans returning from the war and their families.
<from 'Immortal Tavern' by Jim Adams>
Helen O'Neil
3:53 pm on Monday, February 21, 2011
From an e-mail to PATCH from a Townie now living out-of-state: 'Loved the column about the Bunker Hill projects, and especially enjoyed the old photos. I lived in the projects for many years, most of behind St. Catherine’s Church. We used to call that part Tuna Park.
Thanks for the memories…. '
Thank you.
Helen O'Neil
2:39 pm on Tuesday, March 29, 2011
An e-mail from a PATCH reader: "I am curious about an old brick abandoned building in the Navy Yard. It is on Tudor Wharf and has "New England Distributing & Warehouse Company" printed on its side. Years ago there seemed to be some activity there. Would it be possible to investigate this site and write an article on it?"
Helen O'Neil
4:25 pm on Tuesday, June 7, 2011
An e-mail comment just came in: "I was looking for stories on other Boston projects and I came across yours. One of the key things about these places is 1) the prison look and 2) the high density. It is no wonder that these places are such disasters for growing up and living there. The density is the real problem. Think about the typical suburbian home which is 4-6 homes per acre. So maybe 15 kids or so within this acre. Now take a project like Bunker Hill, where it has 1000 units packed into a few blocks. These poor kids are stuck living on top of each other which has plenty of issues including the gang problem where there are too many kids packed into a small area. It seems from a policy perspective that the city could spread people all over the city in small batches, buy up some of the deserted foreclosures among other things and separate families and individuals into small units. The large prison public housing structures have failed miserably which wouldn't have taken a rocket scientist to foresee. The public housing units because of the density operate just like ghettos, only everyone lives in a uniform rental unit and there are central controls for the apartments. " (edited for space allowed)
stephany
5:38 pm on Thursday, April 19, 2012
Are there any ghosts there?
JANICE MOREAU
11:13 am on Saturday, June 23, 2012
I AM TRYING TO FIND SOME INFORMATION ABOUT AN ACCIDENT AT THE PROJECT AROUND 1949/50 WHEN A GIRL WALKING THE 2X4 OF THEPICKET FENCE, WHICH WAS THEN THE FENCE OF CHOICE AT THE PROJECT, FELL AND WAS SERIOUSLY INJURED WHEN SHE STRADDLED THE FENCE AND HAD SEVERE INTERNAL INJURIES. THAT IS WHEN THE FENCES WERE REPLACED WITH THE CURRENT TYPE.
JANICE MOREAU
11:15 am on Saturday, June 23, 2012
I LIKE YOUR ARTICLE ABOUT CHARLESTOWN, THAT IS WHERE I SPENT THE FIRST 13YRS OF MY LIFE AND WOULD LIKE TO SEE HOW IT IS DOING NOW.
Helen O'Neil
6:30 pm on Wednesday, December 12, 2012
This request came via e-mail: "I'm looking for pictures of Sprague Street Charlestown before the housing project was built. Lived there in the '30s and 40's." Any suggestions where this reader might look?
Bette Task
7:51 am on Thursday, December 13, 2012
Historic New England, formerly SPNEA, headquarted at the Harrison Gray Otis mansion on Cambridge Street has a folder of old pictures of that area. They are truly amazing. It's worth a trip to see them. Maybe someone on the Patch could publish some of them for everyone to see.